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Vented balance safety enclosures are used in pharmaceutical, chemical, biological, and toxicological laboratories to provide maximum containment for weighing operations in weighing scales. In laboratories weighing is generally regarded as a highly hazardous operation because it involves direct handling of pure substances. Fume hoods, also known as laboratory chemical hoods, are one of the most important and widely used engineering controls to protect workers in laboratories. Fume hoods were introduced about 100 years ago to safeguard personnel working with hazardous materials. While many changes and improvements have been made, the basic concept and design of fume hoods remains the same. Air is drawn from the workplace, around the worker and into the front of the hood, and is then exhausted out of the laboratory. Most laboratory hoods are described as constant air volume (CAV) hoods because they draw a constant amount of air at all times. Rising energy costs have made these hoods exceptionally expensive to operate. For example, a single six-foot hood operating 24/7/365 costs over $5,000/year to operate.〔T. Smith, S. Crooks. "Implementing a laboratory ventilation management program," Chemical Health and Safety, Vol. 3, No. 2, (1996) pp.12–16.〕〔Laboratory control and safety solutions applications guide. Siemens Building Technologies, Inc., Landis Div., Buffalo Park, IL (1999).〕 In addition, CAV hoods do not react rapidly to airflow disturbances (turbulence) within the hood or within the laboratory and, hence, their sole purpose of containment and protection can be seriously compromised. To optimize the effectiveness of properly designed hoods:〔A. Kolesnikov, R. Ryan, and D. B. Walters. "Use of CFD to design containment systems for work with hazardous materials," Chemical Health and Safety, Vol.10, No. 2(2003) pp.17–20.〕 * Maximize capture and containment of hazardous materials〔American National Standards Institute (ANSI). "American National Standard Ventilation Standard," ANSI/AIHA Z9.5-2003, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax VA.〕 * Use ergonomic design to enable easy use * Conform to high performance standards〔〔US DOL OSHA Standard for Occupational Exposure to Toxic Substances in the Laboratory (The Laboratory Standard). 29 CFR 1910.1450.〕〔American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). "Methods of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods." Standard 110 (1995), Atlanta GA.〕 * Minimize energy consumption * Ensure flexibility to permit quick and easy relocation The control of hazards is more than simply enclosing the problem. What are important are how well the ventilated areas contain the hazards and suitability of the workstations for the specific tasks being performed. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「vented balance safety enclosure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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